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Article
Can
education get access to all children? What is child /woman right?
Dilip Kumar
Acharya.
Kathmandu
University
School of
education
I was born in Terai region in Dang,
where the east west Mahandra high way touched on the district .In my childhood period;
I used to enjoy on playing with my friends. In my childhood, I was lazy to go to school, most
of the times I remained with my mother, sometimes I used to go my mother’s father’s house, where
we meet others relatives, and villages’ friends .my Hajurbuwa’s [1]house
is located in Pyuthan district, Pyuthan district is categorized in Hill region.
In childhood period,when I study in primary level, where mama’[2]s
son and daughter have also study in primary level. In the home, I made
plan to go to the mama’s home, in our hilly region; we serve as cowboys on the
forest in the daytime. When we reached mama’s home then I was happy, because I
met other friends visited to the forest taking care of the domestic animals,
But I didn’t get chance
playing with my brothers and sister. Because they were willing to go to school,
but I was confused at that moment, where, I always used to bargaining about the
Tiffin money with my parents on the school time, but my mama’ children were
ready for going to school without bargaining, Mama had assigned his daughter to
get ready for school, I felt amazed after seeing that types of activities from
mama’s side. I didn’t know about the
meaning of that activity, after some minutes, my mother told me, to go to
school, but I didn’t follow her saying, and stayed at the mama’s home, when
they had returned in the evening, mama’s daughter carried one gallon oil and I
saw their face was happy, mama’s son was happy, at that time I thought my
experiences about the returning time from school to home, In returning time
from school to home, I felt very tired and hungry, so that, I always used to return
home running speedily, sometime I got accident in the rush moment. After coming home then I searched nasta[3]
discussing about it. But mama’s children’s didn’t show that kind of activities,
they had come the house with happily with playing on the road. After they came home they went to the forest
to collect the wood happily. My mother asked to her brother, why they didn’t show any laziness? Again she asked
about one gallon oil. Then mama replied about the reason of happiness, Mama
explained about the facility about the hilly region’s school, the students on
the hilly region could get Tiffin for hallua[4]
and ladies students get two litter oil, so that the whole villager’s
student’s are interested to go to school to learn and eating meal and the
parents also encouraged sending to the school, we didn’t feel any kind of
discrimination between brother and sister, But in my district we can’t get any
kind of facility on the schooling, so in our area, we feel less interested on
the study in school . Mama’s daughter
already wake and started to go padhera[5]
for bringing water, she bring five gagri[6]
of water in the morning, then helping
for preparing meal with her mother, in day time mama send his daughter to school
for the getting oil, where attendance is important things for getting oil, so
that, she continued her study in primary level, the NGO and government help in Tiffin
and provided oil in the primary level , at that time the family members were
happy at the primary level, when she passed out primary level then she did not
give interest in study because of the housework, and could not successes to continue her study in further
level. After four years on the breaking study then she married in early age.
Now at that time she has two children and continues to follow simply mother’s role.
In childhood period, I used to sit with
my father, my father always listen news through radio. And the radio broadcast
about the news of transporting people and drugs and
who profit economically .In this kind of illegal works done by children and
woman, most of the illegal works done by mid and far -western woman and
children, they crossed the border and supply areca nut, marijuana, most of the
illiterate peoples involved in smuggling .Many time I listen that kind of news
like some time they were arrested by the police force for the illegal work, every Year hundreds of Nepali girls as young
as 11 years are trafficked to India and other countries,
Every
year my mother worship
shree shawasthani, we participated to listen shree shawsathani story, where my
father said about the story of Goma, we take this part very seriously, Mother
take to control me with her lovely words “dilip , that is lord Shiva who took
the curse on the Goma, then goma get married in her child age with old person. Goma
get married in seven years with sixty nine years old person. Again I asked
about the question in real situation in our society, then she confirm me,
that’s not possible within childhood age’s marriage in Nepal, she said that is
the story of only SatayaYug period, when the time passes I become young, then I
know about the early marriage system in Nepal , In the age of fifteen , I get
to chance to know about early marriage system in tharu society. In our area, It
could be any day in flagun month, I saw many of the marriage ceremony , I was
interested to see married couple , then
we stared to run towards the weeding home, when we observed the marred couple ,then
we found girl’s age very young. She also represents the role of Goma, I compare
her with Goma on the story shree shawasthani, so I felt in our society also
carry some traditional rules. There are many causes of less number students in school of Nepal. Some
causes are due to the society, some are due to the governments and some are
also due to the students and teacher it. Taking some example, I have heard in
news. In Bijulikot of Ramechap district, the students learning and teaching in
the school by standing due to lack of desk and benches in the school. Due to
these causes many students sit at their home rather than go to school .The
furniture in the school has being stolen because there were no windows and
doors in the school, I think lack of secure also responsible for this causes Another
example of Magadi,dolpa, and other mountains districts, In the every years ,the schools are
closed for two months because the students has go to collect yarsagumba, yarsagumba
is their source of income, if they do not go to collect yarsagumba for this
months .they will not be able to study .this economic causes of people there
also causes the number of students decrease in the school .
I
came in Kathmandu in 2011 for the university level study, most of the time I
take public transportation to reach collage, when I was engaging the teaching professional
field then I always go through by bus,
In Kathmandu valley there are more than
eight million transportation run every day. Many times I saw the khalasi
(helper) on the public transportation, the khalasi’s age are less than
fourteen, when I see child khalashi then in my mind always raise the question with
government. Where is the child right? What is the role of INGO, NGO and
Nepalese government? , don’t they see these situations of the child? , why the
children are not touched with education for all program?
The population of Nepal is
26,620,809 as a census report of 2011 with the annual population growth rate of
1.40 %, in the census report male are 48.56% where as female are 51.44%.
Similarly the highest literacy rate is in Kathmandu with 86.3 per cent and the
lowest in Rautahut with 41.7 per cent, According to the census report, the
annual increment in literacy rate is 1.18 per cent. Out of the 129 countries
across the globe, Nepal stands at the 111th position in terms of education,
which reflects Nepal government’s low precedence to the education sector.
In the context of our country it is still far behind then countries
like Maldives and Sri Lanka where literacy rate is almost 95 per cent, in the literacy
rate 65.9% out of the total populations in Nepal where the literacy rate of
above five years in 23,92,6541.
In our Nepalese context we have gender biasness, where most
of the Nepalese society think about the career of son, they do not more focus
on the daughter’s future .Nepal's gross domestic product (GDP)
for 2012 was estimated at over $17.921 billion, then we can find our country is
less economic status, most of the populations are engaging on the agriculture
sector.
According to World Food Program , fifty-four percent of Nepal’s population lives on less than US$1.25 per day, and three and a half million people are considered moderately to severely food insecure, counting Nepal among the poorest countries in South Asia,
According to World Food Program , fifty-four percent of Nepal’s population lives on less than US$1.25 per day, and three and a half million people are considered moderately to severely food insecure, counting Nepal among the poorest countries in South Asia,
In
the context of Nepal, three million children are working under the extreme
hardship, about 500 kids are work and sleep on the streets, half of the country’s
children have no access to primary level education, according to census report
of 2012, and thirty nine percent children have passed primary level. Girls work
longer hours than boys, Nepal’s literacy is 65.9%, and nearly half of the total
population of Nepal cannot read and write. Female literacy rate is less than
the literacy of males, where the literacy rate of males is at
75.1 while it is 57.4 per cent for women, In Nepal, girls work twice as much
than boys, Nepalese woman are said to be doing all the house works as well as
feeding kids, cleaning, taking care of the livestock. Nepal is the only country
in the world where Women's life expectancy is shorter than men but another
country has reverse on the life expectancy .because of the mental problem ,
health problem etc, they works harder than men and dies earlier. The average
age of woman at marriage is 16 years for the women and rural women getting
married one year earlier than the urban ones? The average age of first birth is
about twenty years and one in five adolescent women age 15-19 is already
mothers or pregnant with their first child, So that Nepalese women’s life expectancy
rate is decrees. Women are said to be doing all the house work, they take care of
husband’s parents, children, even the laborious work s are never reward. In her
home she is dominated by her parents, the position of mother is backyard of the
position of her own son. From villages
blameless girls are attracted into believing that they would be offered
livelihood in cities like Kathmandu and foreign countries, then they ultimately
end up locked in brothels where they get locked up and she is used until she
gets sick. According to UNESCO (2009) ,nine hundred thousand children in Nepal
are out of the reach of school .Many parents dropped out their children in the
school for sake of money has increased. Nepalese law declared about the child
right, A child is a person who is less than sixteen years of age. we can use in
work for the child, whose age is more
than fourteen , and can work no more
than six hours, must get a break of 30 minutes after three hours of work. Nobody
should pressure them to work. Millions of Nepali children are working by their parents
for domestic works to help them all day long instead of attending the school.
According to Status Report -2010 Increasing Net Enrollment Rate in primary
Education to 93% from 92 % (2008-09), Increasing Net Enrollment Rate in Basic
Education to 76% from 74 % (2008-09), Increasing Net Enrollment Rate in
Secondary Education to 23 % from 22% (2008-09) (as cited by school sector Reform program). It is not so good on the
program of education for all. Many of Nepalese girls are the
sufferer of early marriage as early as 8 years old mostly in villages and in
rural areas where parents give less education to daughters than sons and that
they believe that girls are supposed to be doing household works. With 51
percent of Nepali girls marrying before 18, Nepal stands second among the top
10 countries in the world in terms of child marriage prevalence, According to
the report of The Ministry of Health and Population only 23 percent of girls
and 8 percent of boys have been found to have attached marriage before the
approved age. According to UNICEF report an estimated 10 million girls
worldwide get married before they turn 18, which translates to 25,000 young
girls everyday or 19 girls per minute. Nepal's Economic activity by boys and
girls aged 10 to 14 is 42.07%. Nepal is the world's 6th child labor country. About
3 million Nepali children are working under the extreme hardship, they are
nearly 60% are girls; Official records indicate that about 500 children have
died in the war conflict and millions are affected by the war. Many have lost
their parents or someone in the family, so
in this condition, we should be focus on our educational system, we should
search the new opportunity on the education field, before some day, I listen
the news about world food program will stopped in the oil distribution program,
where many Nepalese families are deprived from the benefit from the girls
sides., I think most of the parents will stopped their children for getting
education. Every year we hear that the girls giving S.L.C suffer from pregnancy.
They even give birth to the child .Is it good for them to get the physical
burden at the time of mental burden? Certainly not. So first of all we should
change the concept of the family. We should educate the family and society. If
we are succeeding to do so then we can reduce the female violence.
Recently
if we take example of Lamjung a girl of age thirteen gave birth to a child
where the age of his father is seventeen and it is surprising to say that the
law restricts to marry under age of eighteen.
So I would like to say NJO, INJO, and
government sides about to provide quality education for all with giving more interesting
agenda, so that we will stop the early marriage system, illegal work, child
labor then we develop our country with slogan of Education for All . (Kusago &
Phuyal, 2009) (School Sector
Reform Program second higher education project status report, 2010)
Reference.
(n.d.).
Retrieved from www.goodreach.com.
(2011). Education for all Shikash Vikash Karyakram.
kathmandu.
Kusago, T., & Phuyal, K. (2009). A case study of
Hetauda, Makawanpur . TVET and secondary school Education in Nepal.
(2010). School Sector Reform Program second higher
educvation project status report. Sanothimi , Bhaktapur: Governement of
Nepal Ministery of Education Departement of Education.
Silwal, D. Status of Woman in Nepal. Hetauda:
Makwanpur Multiple campus.
Tuladhar, S. (2004). The out of school children's program
in nepal . Unesco.
(2004). Violence against children in nepal . Unicef.
www.gogle.com
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